Electromyography (EMG)

Electromyography, often abbreviated to EMG, is a diagnostic test that allows accurate assessment of peripheral nerve and muscle function. It is an essential tool in the diagnosis of many neuromuscular disorders, because it allows us to understand whether symptoms of weakness, tingling or pain depend on a neurological or muscular problem.
EMG analyzes the electrical activity produced by muscles both at rest and during contraction. The test generally consists of two phases:

1. Study of nerve conduction
In this phase, small surface electrical stimuli are applied via electrodes placed on the skin. The speed and efficiency with which the nerve transmits the impulse is thus measured. This makes it possible to detect any blockages, delays or alterations in nerve transmission.

2. Needle Electromyography
In this part of the examination, a very fine needle electrode is inserted inside the muscle to record electrical activity during rest and contraction. It is a minimally invasive procedure that may cause mild discomfort but provides valuable information about muscle function and whether there is any damage
nerve damage.

With these two components, EMG is able to:

• Distinguish between muscle diseases (such as myopathies, dystrophies, myositis) and neuropathies (nerve damage)
• Diagnosing nerve compression syndromes, such as carpal tunnel syndrome
• Identify radiculopathy due to hernias or spinal problems
• Monitor the progress of neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., ALS)
• Assess nerve trauma, postoperative conditions, or functional overload disorders

Therefore, it is a very useful investigation not only for diagnostic purposes, but also for planning targeted therapies, controlling the evolution of a pathology or supporting expert opinions in employment or insurance.
At Poliambulatorio Oberdan, EMG is performed by a neurophysiopathology specialist, with state-of-the-art instrumentation and special attention to patient comfort and safety.